Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important global health problem, which is aimed to be eradicated by 2025 from India. Community pharmacists play a significant role in treating and eradication of TB. This study aimed to understand the contribution of community pharmacy and their potential role in RNTCP (Revised National TB Control Programme) functioning. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Belagavi, Karnataka, India on 312 community pharmacies. A  structured interview form was used to assess several factors such as education, knowledge, anti-TB drug dispensing patterns, willingness to be trained, and become a DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short course) provider. Results: On an overall scale, we found that the majority of licensed community pharmacy was managed by D.   Pharm holders with a limited knowledge of TB. It was also noted that there was a lack of willingness to be rigorously trained for updating their knowledge, although they were interested in being trained for being recognized as a DOTS center. Conclusion: There is a strong need for strengthening community pharmacy services in tune with RNTCP to achieve better efficiency in treating and eradication of TB.

Introduction: The community pharmacy internship course is a key component to provide the required knowledge and skills for community pharmacy practices, which is an important field of practice for graduate pharmacists in Iran. In view of this, this study endeavored to explore and analyze pharmacy students' experiences in different arenas of community pharmacy internship program. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive, analytical study was conducted among 90 pharmacy students of Isfahan university of medical sciences during 2017-2018. Census sampling was used to include students who successfully passed pharmacy internship course in the first time, during the last year. Students who did not completed questionnaire were excluded from the study. Questionnaire research tool was designed by researcher with using Carrido’ s study questionnaire and applied after confirmation of its validity and reliability. Data were analyzed with independent sample t-test, one sample t-test, Chi-square test and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: All students responded to the questionnaire which revealed they experienced high level of satisfaction (90. 5 from 100) during pharmacy internship course. However, participation in some internship activities such as extemporaneous compounding of prescriptions, filling, compounding and pricing of prescriptions, recording of entries in prescription or other required record books and inventory of drugs were significantly lower than the expected mean level (P < 0. 001). Moreover, independent sample t-test revealed that the mean scores of knowledge (P = 0. 002), skills (P = 0. 02) and level of satisfaction (P = 0. 001) were significantly higher in male pharmacy students than female. Conclusion: Nonetheless, students revealed the overall positive perception during pharmacy internship, but some barriers and problems reported during the study require more attention to promote the quality of this course.

Pharmacists serve as members of both the society and the health care team, which may involve them in activities that could be the subject of ethical query. They can face issues and problems in the workplace that may raise questions as to whether their acts are appropriate, right, just or legal.This study aims to explore ethical issues from the perspective of pharmacists and to examine their reasoning processes regarding social phenomena such as ethical challenges. Moreover, it explores the ethical decision-making strategies that pharmacists employ when dealing with such problems in pharmacies and in their interactions with people.This was a qualitative content analysis study. The participants were chosen using purposeful sampling from community pharmacists and the academic staff of the School of Pharmacy at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 20 individuals and analyzed using content analysis approach.Analysis of the interviews led to extraction of the following six categories: pharmacists' understanding of key ethical concepts; pharmacists' experiences and duties; relationship with other health professionals; the pharmacy as a commercial setting; the difference between the practice of ethics in pharmacy, medicine and nursing from the perspective of pharmacists; and the actual response of pharmacists in confronting ethical problems. Each of the above-mentioned categories were further divided into sub-classifications describing specific ethical challenges in pharmacy practice.Awareness of ethical issues and professional guidelines is a fundamental part of the education of health care professionals and provides a structure that will enable them to assess ethical problems and make appropriate, justifiable decisions. The findings of this study indicate the need for implementation of professional guidelines and codes of ethics in pharmacy practice to cover all ethical issues.

Community pharmacy is one of the most important control stations in pharmacotherapy. Hence, Pharmacist mistakes may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use by patients or even permanent harm. Therefore, quality control in pharmacists’ practice is a safety issue and in addition has an added importance for society. This study has been designed to investigate the relationship between age, gender, shift work of pharmacists and the frequency of errors to determine possible defect and planning for them. Job descriptive and analysis were done using Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA). The study population was observed directly and all the defined mistakes were recorded. The collected data were analyzed using regression and two-sided, chi-square analysis. The pharmacists supervised for 64 determinate mistakes and 3968 mistakes were recorded with a rate 36. 7%. Based on the results, occurrence of mistakes are associated with shift work, age, and gender of pharmacists. There are significant increases in incidence of occupational errors in afternoon and night shifts, male population, over 40 years’ old population and long shift. Considering the relationship between pharmacist profession-related error and shift conditions or some of the demographic factors, it seems that further systematic evaluation on community pharmacy administration is necessary.

Diclofenac and ketorolac are prescribed as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used to manage pain and inflammation. However, co-administration of them could lead to serious health problems. We seek to highlight the potential dangers of their concurrent use.   We discuss the increased risk of severe gastrointestinal complications, including ulceration, bleeding, and perforation, associated with combining these medications. The case emphasizes the importance of clinician awareness of this drug interaction and advocates for safer prescribing practices. Also, we shed light on the significant role of clinical pharmacists in each community pharmacy, hospital, and medical centre...